Which type of liability typically does NOT arise from negligence?

Contractual liability typically does not arise from negligence because it is based on the breach of the terms of a contract. In contractual liability, the obligations and responsibilities are defined in a contractual agreement between parties, and liability arises when one party fails to fulfill its contractual duties. This type of liability is distinctly separate from negligence, which involves a failure to exercise reasonable care that results in harm to another party.

On the other hand, product liability, personal injury liability, and professional liability all involve negligence in some form. Product liability holds manufacturers or sellers responsible for placing a defective product into the hands of a consumer. Personal injury liability can arise from negligent actions that cause harm to another individual, and professional liability pertains to professionals who fail to uphold standards of care in their services, leading to harm or loss to clients. These types of liability involve a duty of care that, when breached, results in liability due to negligence.